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shan shui
''Shan shui'' ( lit. "mountain-water") refers to a style of traditional Chinese painting that involves or depicts scenery or natural landscapes, using a brush and ink rather than more conventional paints. Mountains, rivers and often waterfalls are prominent in this art form.
==History==
''Shan shui'' painting first arose to prominence during the 5th century,〔Textual Evidence for the Secular Arts of China in the Period from Liu Sung through Sui by Alexander Soper〕 in the reign of the Liu Song Dynasty. It was later characterized by a group of landscape painters such as Zhang Zeduan, most of them already famous, who produced large-scale landscape paintings. These landscape paintings usually centered on mountains. Mountains had long been seen as sacred places in China,〔 which were viewed as the homes of immortals and thus, close to the heavens. Philosophical interest in nature, or in mystical connotations of naturalism, could also have contributed to the rise of landscape painting. The art of ''shan shui'', like many other styles of Chinese painting has a strong reference to Taoist (Daoist) imagery and motifs,〔 as symbolisms of Taoism strongly influenced "Chinese landscape painting". Some authors have suggested that Daoist stress on how minor the human presence is in the vastness of the cosmos, or Neo-Confucian interest in the patterns or principles that underlie all phenomena, natural and social lead to the highly structuralized nature of ''shan shui''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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